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How have nuclear tests affected the atmosphere?

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Since the July 16, 1945 detonation in the Jornada del Muerto desert, 56 kilometers from the city of Alamogordo in the state of New Mexico, the first nuclear bomb, called Trinity; and then 20 days later, dropped another two on the Japanese civilian population in the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, nearly 2,500 nuclear bombs have been tested. As a result of its detonation in recent decades, a total energy of more than 540 megatons has been released on Earth. The bombs released into the atmosphere alone accounted for 428 megatons.